Cannabis Addiction
Cannabis Addiction: Definition, Signs, Side Effects, and Treatment
Cannabis addiction is a complex condition where a person becomes dependent on the substance, even when it begins to disrupt their life. Often referred to as Marijuana, Pot, Hashish, or Weed, cannabis is a psychoactive drug that interacts with the brain’s endocannabinoid system, which plays a key role in regulating mood, memory, and pain perception.
The active compound in cannabis, Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), affects brain chemistry, altering perception, mood, and behaviour. Over time, regular use can build tolerance, meaning higher doses are needed to achieve the same effects, eventually leading to addiction. This dependency can impair cognitive abilities, emotional stability, and overall behaviour, making everyday life challenging.
How Common is Cannabis Addiction?
Cannabis is one of the most widely used illicit drugs worldwide, and its use is on the rise, particularly in regions where it has been legalised for medical or recreational purposes. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), around 147 million people, or 2.5% of the global population, use cannabis in one form or another. In the United States, the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) reported that in 2022, 30.7% of high school seniors had used marijuana, and 6.3% admitted to using it daily.
As cannabis gains social and legal acceptance, understanding its addictive potential and societal impact becomes crucial. Cannabis addiction not only affects the individual but also their relationships, work, and community. The normalisation of cannabis use, especially among younger people can contribute to a higher prevalence of addiction and associated health problems.
Why is Using Cannabis Addictive?
The addictive nature of cannabis stems from its impact on the brain’s reward system. When consumed, THC binds to cannabinoid receptors in areas of the brain linked to pleasure, memory, and concentration. This triggers the release of dopamine, a neurotransmitter that induces feelings of euphoria and relaxation. These pleasurable sensations associated with cannabis use can reinforce the desire to consume the drug repeatedly, leading to a cycle of use that can become difficult to break.
Over time, the brain adapts to the constant presence of THC, reducing its natural production of endocannabinoids, which are chemicals similar to those found in cannabis. This reduction creates a dependency on the external supply of THC to maintain normal brain function, leading to tolerance and, eventually, addiction. Genetic factors also influence the likelihood of developing cannabis addiction, with some individuals being more genetically predisposed to it.
Is Cannabis Addictive from the First Try?
Cannabis typically isn’t addictive from the first use, but the risk of developing an addiction increases with repeated use. The initial experience might not lead to dependency, but it can pave the way for future use, particularly if cannabis is used to cope with stress or emotional issues. The likelihood of addiction also depends on factors like the age at which use begins, how often it’s used, and individual psychological or genetic predispositions.
While not everyone who tries cannabis will become addicted, regular use, especially during adolescence, significantly raises the risk of developing a cannabis use disorder.
Signs of Cannabis Addiction
Identifying the signs of cannabis addiction early can be crucial in getting the support you or a loved one may need. If you or someone you care about is struggling with Cannabis addiction, these warning signs could be the first step toward recovery:
Physical Signs: These may include frequent bloodshot eyes, a persistent cough, neglecting personal health and hygiene, increased appetite, and changes in sleep patterns. Over time, users may also develop a tolerance, experiencing withdrawal symptoms like irritability, insomnia, or loss of appetite when not using.
Psychological Signs: These involve cravings for cannabis, irritability, anxiety, or depression when not using, and a preoccupation with obtaining and using the drug. Users may also experience memory problems and difficulty concentrating.
Behavioural Signs: These might involve using cannabis alone or in secret, prioritising its use over other responsibilities, losing interest in activities once enjoyed, and continuing to use despite issues in relationships, work, or health.
Causes, Effects, and Treatments of Cannabis Addiction
Causes of Cannabis Addiction
Cannabis addiction is influenced by a combination of genetic, psychological, social, and environmental factors:
Genetic Factors: Genetic predisposition plays a significant role in whether a person is likely to develop cannabis addiction. Variations in certain genes can affect how the brain processes THC, making some individuals more susceptible to addiction.
Psychological Factors: Individuals with underlying mental health conditions, such as anxiety, depression, or PTSD, may use cannabis as a form of self-medication. This can lead to dependency as they rely on the drug to manage their symptoms.
Social and Environmental Factors: Social acceptance of cannabis use, peer pressure, and easy access to the drug can contribute to the development of cannabis addiction. Additionally, those who grow up in environments where cannabis use is normalised are at a higher risk of becoming addicted.
Side Effects of Cannabis Addiction
Short-Term Effects:
Cannabis use, particularly in high doses, can lead to several immediate side effects, including:
Impaired short-term memory and cognitive function
Altered judgement and decision-making abilities
Anxiety, paranoia, or panic attacks
Coordination problems, increasing the risk of accidents
Long-Term Effects:
Chronic cannabis use can result in significant health issues, including:
Respiratory problems, such as chronic bronchitis, due to smoking cannabis
Mental health disorders, including an increased risk of developing psychosis, especially in individuals with a predisposition
Cognitive impairments, such as difficulty with short term memory and learning
Dependence, where the individual feels the need to use cannabis to function normally
Treatment Methods for Cannabis Addiction
Effective treatment for cannabis addiction typically involves a combination of behavioural therapies, support groups, and, in some cases, medications.
- Rehabilitation Programs: Inpatient rehabilitation programs offer a structured environment where individuals can focus entirely on detox and on recovery. According to research conducted in the US, inpatient treatment increases the likelihood of long-term abstinence compared to outpatient programs, which may offer more flexibility but less intensive support.
- 12-Step Model: Originally founded by Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), this method has also become a cornerstone of many addiction programs including Narcotics Anonymous (NA). Since then, it has been widely regarded as one of the most effective approaches for treating addiction worldwide. The program guides individuals through a process of self-reflection, acknowledgment of past wrongs, making amends, and fostering spiritual growth. Recognizing that addiction is a chronic issue, it additionally offers ongoing support through 12 Step meetings available globally, allowing individuals to create a support system that extends beyond formal treatment.
- Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT): CBT is an evidence-based treatment that helps individuals identify and change the thought patterns and behaviours that contribute to their cannabis use. By addressing the psychological aspects of addiction, CBT can significantly improve the chances of long-term recovery.
- Aftercare Programs: Ongoing support is crucial for preventing relapse. Aftercare programs may include continued therapy, support group meetings, and sober living environments that provide a drug-free space for individuals to rebuild their lives without cannabis.
How is Cannabis Withdrawal Treated?
Cannabis withdrawal, though generally less severe than withdrawal from substances like alcohol or opioids, can still be challenging and uncomfortable. Symptoms of withdrawal can include irritability, anxiety, insomnia, decreased appetite, and intense cravings. While withdrawal symptoms are not usually life-threatening, they can be distressing and lead to relapse if not properly managed.
Treatment for cannabis withdrawal typically involves supportive care, including hydration, nutritional support, and over-the-counter medications to manage symptoms such as headaches or nausea. In some cases, behavioural therapies may be used to help individuals cope with the psychological aspects of withdrawal and reduce the risk of relapse.
How Can You Help a Person with Cannabis Addiction?
Supporting someone with cannabis addiction requires understanding, patience, and a non-judgmental approach. Here are some ways to help:
Encourage Open Dialogue: Approach the person with empathy and express your concerns in a non-confrontational way. Reassure them that you care about their well-being and are there to support them through their recovery journey.
Learn About Cannabis Addiction: Educating yourself about cannabis addiction can help you offer more informed support. Understanding the signs, symptoms, and treatment options will enable you to provide meaningful guidance.
Suggest Professional Help: It’s important to recognise that overcoming cannabis addiction can be difficult without professional support. Encourage the person to seek help from addiction specialists, counsellors, or rehabilitation programs that can provide the necessary resources for recovery.
Explore Treatment Options Together: Help the person explore available treatment options, such as counselling, inpatient or outpatient rehab, and aftercare programs. You can even offer to accompany them to appointments or meetings, which may also provide moral support for your loved one..
Starting the journey of recovery may seem scary and overwhelming, but it’s achievable with the right guidance and resources. At 12 Step Rehabs, we’re here to help you or your loved one find the treatment option that best suits you. Our team consists of empathetic consultants with firsthand experience in recovery and a combined 25 years of sobriety through the 12 Step Model. For personalised support, schedule your free consultation today and take the next step toward a healthier, sober future.